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Big Power with Nitrous: 300-500hp at the Touch of a Button

DW-1509-NOS-LEAD

There’s perhaps no easier way to make a little extra horsepower than nitrous—but making big power with the bottle takes some doing. On the plus side, a well-planned nitrous system on an engine that’s designed for it can nearly double the engine’s output: we’ve seen an extra 200, 300, or even 500 horsepower added with the use of nitrous oxide. While it may seem scary, nitrous oxide is one of the best ways to extract every last bit of power out of a diesel engine.

The Basics: A Lot of Misconceptions

When talking to regular gas-style hot-rodders, one of the first things they say is, “I didn’t know you could put nitrous on a diesel.” Many people also think nitrous is like propane (it’s not), and that a certain sized jet gives you a certain amount of power (it doesn’t). There are a lot of basic differences when running nitrous on a gas engine versus a diesel, which we’ll talk about here.

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The reason that nitrous makes power is that it’s 33 percent oxygen (plus other gases), which is richer than the 21 percent oxygen content of standard breathable air. If we think of an engine as a giant air pump (with fuel added), then it’s clear why nitrous makes power: each revolution of the engine brings more oxygen into the equation with nitrous, so, as long as the correct quantity of fuel is added, the engine will make more power.

In a normal gasoline engine, extra fuel must be injected along with the nitrous in order to maintain an air fuel ratio between 11:1 and 12:1. This is critical because both rich and lean conditions just a few points outside of this range, say 15:1, can cause big time engine damage like melted pistons, burned valves or even scarred cylinder walls.

On the other hand, diesels can operate at an incredibly wide range of air-fuel ratios, although most commonly they’re functioning somewhere within a range of 10:1 and 20:1. In a diesel, injecting nitrous just burns the extra fuel that the engine already has, leading to a power increase. So unlike a gasoline engine, if the engine goes too lean, say past 20:1, there will be no ill effects.

What’s In a “Nitrous Kit”?

Part of the reason that nitrous is such a popular way to add power is because it’s so simple: a basic nitrous kit consists of a bottle, mounting brackets, a feed line, a solenoid, a solenoid-to-nozzle line, a nozzle and an arming switch. That’s really all that’s needed to add about 50-150hp. The reason we give a horsepower range is because how much power the nitrous adds depends on how much extra fuel is on hand. On trucks that are nearly clean, a 0.080 jet might only add 50hp. On trucks with a very rich air-fuel ratio (say 11:1), that same sized jet could add nearly 200hp.

1. How much nitrous can you put on a diesel? We counted seven solenoids on Cody Beaman's 12-valve Cummins, which helped the Dodge put down nearly 1,200hp at the tires.
1. How much nitrous can you put on a diesel? We counted seven solenoids on Cody Beaman’s 12-valve Cummins, which helped the Dodge put down nearly 1,200hp at the tires.
2. Cole Dow's Dodge is a good example of a well-setup, big-horsepower nitrous system. There's one large nitrous solenoid, two smaller ones (with a separate feed line), as well as a purge solenoid. The intake tract uses either v-bands or straps, and a large external wastegate keeps boost under control. A Nitrous Express progressive controller operates the nitrous system.
2. Cole Dow’s Dodge is a good example of a well-setup, big-horsepower nitrous system. There’s one large nitrous solenoid, two smaller ones (with a separate feed line), as well as a purge solenoid. The intake tract uses either v-bands or straps, and a large external wastegate keeps boost under control. A Nitrous Express progressive controller operates the nitrous system.
3. Bottle pressure is crucial when looking to extract every last bit of horsepower from a nitrous system: on a big kit, a drop in bottle pressure of just 100psi can equal a 50hp loss. Most racers try to keep pressure at about 950-1100psi with bottle heaters when it's cold out.
3. Bottle pressure is crucial when looking to extract every last bit of horsepower from a nitrous system: on a big kit, a drop in bottle pressure of just 100psi can equal a 50hp loss. Most racers try to keep pressure at about 950-1100psi with bottle heaters when it’s cold out.
4. Nitrous is most commonly injected after the turbocharger into the intake tract of a diesel. A popular place to install nozzles is right by the intake horn, just before air enters the cylinder head.
4. Nitrous is most commonly injected after the turbocharger into the intake tract of a diesel. A popular place to install nozzles is right by the intake horn, just before air enters the cylinder head.
5. The tremendous exhaust heat from a nitrous motor can wreak havoc on the turbines of turbochargers, so more and more people have started using water injection when running a large dose of nitrous.
5. The tremendous exhaust heat from a nitrous motor can wreak havoc on the turbines of turbochargers, so more and more people have started using water injection when running a large dose of nitrous.
6. Adjusting the wastegates correctly when using lots of nitrous is an impotant step. Many racers have found that running around 50 to 60psi of boost with a hefty shot of spray is a good start.
6. Adjusting the wastegates correctly when using lots of nitrous is an important step. Many racers have found that running around 50 to 60psi of boost with a hefty shot of spray is a good start.

Making Big Power With Nitrous Up-Sizing Everything

So now that you know the basics, we can get into what it takes to make some real horsepower with the juice. Adding 300-500 horsepower gets a little more complex because of the immense amount of nitrous that needs to go into the engine and what occurs within the engine itself. For starters, kits with multiple or oversized bottles, solenoids, and nozzles are almost a must when making large amounts of power, and all the components must be up-sized. A -6 feed line should be used instead of a -4, a .125 orifice solenoid might replace a .080, and 15-pound bottles would take the place of 10-pound bottles.

Jetting & Tuning

One important thing to remember about nitrous jetting is that it’s a situation where 2+2 does not equal 4. That is, two 0.080 jets don’t equal a 0.160 jet. We’re talking about the actual area of the orifice, which can be expressed by the equation pi x radius2. This jetting discrepancy is one of the biggest mistakes that novice enthusiasts make, as three solenoids with 0.080 jets—which is the largest jet most common -3 lines can flow—is actually roughly equal to a single 0.136 jet.

Controls

Hitting a huge shot of spray right off idle is a good way to destroy parts; instead, nitrous must be ramped in as a diesel engine starts to produce boost and power. While a small shot of nitrous can be used to spool a turbo, large hits should be best saved for later in the rpm band and when boost is up above 20psi. The solenoids can be triggered in a variety of ways: either manually, with pressure switches or with controllers like those made by Nitrous Express or Nitrous Oxide Systems. Nitrous can even be controlled by boost levels or set to activate in a certain gear if more advanced controllers are used.

The Many Slangs of Nitrous Oxide

If you hear someone talking about a big power increase, and there are some words in the middle of a sentence you don’t recognize, they’re probably talking about nitrous oxide. In addition to its technical terms, it’s also commonly known by these slang terms: juice, squeeze, spray, bottle, kits, guns, NOS (pronounced “naws”), N2O, giggle gas, hose, drugs, button, unit.

7. The small solenoid off to the right in this picture is known as a purge solenoid; it's used to bleed off excess bottle pressure or to get any air out of the system. Purge solenoids can also be used to inject nitrous into the engine, but those don't really flow enough to make a big difference.
7. The small solenoid off to the right in this picture is known as a purge solenoid; it’s used to bleed off excess bottle pressure or to get any air out of the system. Purge solenoids can also be used to inject nitrous into the engine, but those don’t really flow enough to make a big difference.
8. A big shot of nitrous creates so much drive pressure that overspeeding a turbocharger can be a real danger. A wastegate that vents to the atmosphere or out the exhaust should be incorporated into any big horsepower nitrous build.
8. A big shot of nitrous creates so much drive pressure that overspeeding a turbocharger can be a real danger. A wastegate that vents to the atmosphere or out the exhaust should be incorporated into any big horsepower nitrous build.
9. Another popular spot for injecting nitrous is into the intercooler, which not only adds horsepower, but also can really drop the charge air temperature dramatically.
9. Another popular spot for injecting nitrous is into the intercooler, which not only adds horsepower, but also can really drop the charge air temperature dramatically.

Damage Control

While nitrous can be one of the most satisfying ways of producing power, it can also be one of the most dangerous. From excess or improper nitrous use we’ve seen melted pistons and turbocharger turbines, exploded compressor wheels and intake piping—even bent connecting rods.

To prevent damages, when running a big shot, the turbocharger must be heavily wastegated in order to prevent overspeeding—running an external wastegate is a good idea, but running both internal and external gates is an even better one. Furthermore, keeping EGT well in check with water-to-air intercooling or water injection is also recommended. Lastly, we suggest never triggering a large shot of nitrous below 20-30psi of boost, as a large backfire can occur.

10. V-bands, or boots with straps on the intake piping, are an important part of a nitrous engine. A pipe that comes apart under boost can lead to just lots of fuel and nitrous without air in the cylinders, which will result in a nasty backfire.
10. V-bands, or boots with straps on the intake piping, are an important part of a nitrous engine. A pipe that comes apart under boost can lead to just lots of fuel and nitrous without air in the cylinders, which will result in a nasty backfire.
11. Controls are a big part of any nitrous system. Often hitting a humongous shot all at once is hard on the parts and will result in traction issues. Either digital controllers or simple boost-referenced Hobbs switches (pictured here) can be used to ramp in multiple stages as boost and rpm rises.
11. Controls are a big part of any nitrous system. Often hitting a humongous shot all at once is hard on the parts and will result in traction issues. Either digital controllers or simple boost-referenced Hobbs switches (pictured here) can be used to ramp in multiple stages as boost and rpm rises.

Final Thoughts

While “fuel-only” purists may scoff at nitrous oxide, it’s an inexpensive way to make an additional 50-200hp. Beyond that range—and into the 300-500hp range—an engine must be built specifically with nitrous in mind, with stronger parts and more advanced controls to keep problems at a minimum. As more and more diesel racers experiment with nitrous, our knowledge base will increase, and hey, who knows: a dependable 500-1,000hp shot may be just around the corner. DW

12. Multiple solenoids almost always mean multiple nozzles to ensure there are no restrictions in flow.
12. Multiple solenoids almost always mean multiple nozzles to ensure there are no restrictions in flow.
13. Often, racers find it easier to simply add another complete nitrous kit rather than upgrade bottles, solenoids, and nozzles separately. Serious giggle gas junkies will often have four, five or even six solenoids on a single engine.
13. Often, racers find it easier to simply add another complete nitrous kit rather than upgrade bottles, solenoids, and nozzles separately. Serious giggle gas junkies will often have four, five or even six solenoids on a single engine.
14. For those doubting the power of nitrous, there are vehicles out there like Wayne Talkington's 9,500 pound, 11-second semi that speaks to the success of injecting nitrous into a diesel engine. Wayne uses so much nitrous that he has two fill bottles mounted on the rear of the truck to combat any pressure drops.
14. For those doubting the power of nitrous, there are vehicles out there like Wayne Talkington’s 9,500 pound, 11-second semi that speaks to the success of injecting nitrous into a diesel engine. Wayne uses so much nitrous that he has two fill bottles mounted on the rear of the truck to combat any pressure drops.

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